Anxiety

Feeling anxious before an important event—such as an exam, interview, or presentation—is normal.

However, anxiety becomes a clinical condition when the fear or worry is excessive, persistent, and difficult to control.

How Anxiety Affects the Brain

Anxiety is closely linked to the brain’s threat detection system, particularly areas such as the amygdala.

In individuals with anxiety disorders, this system can become overactive, causing the brain to interpret situations as threatening even when there is no real danger.

Common Symptoms of Anxiety

Anxiety often affects both the mind and body.

Psychological symptoms may include:

• excessive worry

• feeling constantly on edge

• difficulty concentrating

• irritability

Physical symptoms may include:

• rapid heartbeat

• shortness of breath

• muscle tension

• dizziness

• stomach discomfort

Some individuals may initially seek medical help for these physical symptoms, not realizing that anxiety may be the underlying cause.

When Anxiety Becomes a Disorder

Psychiatrists consider anxiety a disorder when:

• symptoms persist for months

• worry becomes difficult to control

• symptoms interfere with daily functioning

Examples of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.

Treatment Options

Anxiety disorders are highly treatable. Management may involve:

• psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy

• lifestyle interventions

• medication when necessary

Seeking help early often leads to better outcomes.